Non Biodegradable

Non-biodegradable waste made up approximately 33% of the metropolitan strong waste delivered in the U. S. in 2009 (see References 1, page 6). The U. S. Natural Protection Agency suggests reusing at whatever point conceivable, and discarding your junk at an ignition office or in a landfill just when reusing is beyond the realm of imagination (see References 1, page 11). Perilous waste ought to be taken care of independently by your nearby sanitation office or by privately owned businesses that represent considerable authority in safe removal of poisons (see References 2).Recycling Separate glass, plastic and metal from other non-biodegradable waste for reusing. Numerous urban and rural zones have curbside reusing programs; if such a program isn't accessible, take recyclable materials to the closest assortment office for handling. Reusing spares space in landfills and diminishes the measure of virgin materials that must be mined or fabricated to make new items, sparing vitality and les sening worldwide environmental change all the while. (See References 3) CombustionSome non-biodegradable waste like utilized elastic tires and plastic can be singed at burning offices. The greater part of these offices utilize the warmth produced by cremation to make vitality as steam or power, which diminishes their interest for other nonrenewable assets, including coal and oil. In 2009, ignition offices consumed 3. 1 million tons of strong waste, for the most part utilized tires. Burning of metropolitan waste likewise diminishes the volume of junk that winds up in landfills. (See References 1, page 166) LandfillsLandfills give long haul stockpiling to non-biodegradable waste. In a perfect world, landfills are painstakingly arranged to keep pollution from entering encompassing soil and water, and figured out how to diminish smell and nuisances however much as could reasonably be expected. (See References 4) Federal guidelines require cautious checking in and around the site. Perilo us Waste Disposal Some items like engine oil, pesticides, batteries and paint are conceivably risky to sanitation laborers and everyone as a whole.They are likewise more hazardous to the earth than idle materials like plastic or elastic. Numerous people group offer unique assortment and removal projects to manage family perilous waste as securely as could be expected under the circumstances. In zones with no such projects, it's lawful to discard family perilous waste in the refuse. Adhere to any unique removal directions recorded on the first holder. Before doing as such, be that as it may, contact the producer or retailer of the material you have to discard to approach on the off chance that they acknowledge old materials for reuse or reusing.

Organizational Ethics Issue Resolution Paper Essay

This paper means to depict a moral issue and apply it to six moral dynamic advances specifically issue explanation, partner investigation, values recognizable proof, issue goals, tending to protests and goals execution. Primary Body The moral issue that will be talked about is giving out inadmissible degrees of air and water contamination during the creation procedure by an organization’s industrial facilities. So as to adequately resolve the issue, the association needs to change its creation forms so its social expense isn't excessively high and simultaneously the association will benefit from it. Issue Clarification The initial phase in goals of authoritative morals issue is to appropriately characterizing the issue in detail and examining it with all the related individuals from the association. The definition must be clear, explicit and dependent on the best accessible data. At that point all the individuals who are getting influenced by this issue must be distinguished. When this is done, the outcomes of this issue must be talked about in detail. Another significant issue that must be managed is data needs. This will enable the association to comprehend the idea of the current issue. Ultimately, the significance of comprehending this issue must be assessed so it tends to be given a need. (Michigan State University Extension, 1994) For our situation, the current issue is contamination. The company’s processing plants give out a great deal of smoke in the environment and furthermore the streams and waterways around the production lines are being tainted by the dumping of substance squander in them. As a result of the rising issue of a dangerous atmospheric devation, air contamination is an issue of incredible concern. The water from the waterways and channels around the industrial facility isn't usable any more. The dumping of synthetic waste in the stream waters has brought about no perfect water for the lodging social orders in the region. In the wake of seeing this, a great deal of Non Government Organizations have proposed measures that will diminish the contamination that is given out. What's more, the administration is additionally anticipating impressive laws that will restrain the measure of contamination that is given out. Associations that give out contamination over the worthy level will be vigorously burdened. Those included and who are influenced incorporate the individuals of the area, earthy person, government and the general public overall. Partner Analysis Stakeholder Analysis is a procedure wherein the Stakeholders are characterized and their significance in the entire dynamic procedure is assessed. Partners are each one of those gatherings that will influence and get influenced by an organization’s choices. Models incorporate government, network, representatives, investors and so forth. So as to determine authoritative morals issue viably, it is significant for an association to win support from these gatherings. There are four stages to how this method must be done. As a matter of first importance, your partners must be distinguished. Furthermore, you will organize them and next the association will endeavor to comprehend their most significant partners (MindTools, 2008). In conclusion, all the help that we can get from these partners will be surveyed and approaches to diminish restriction from some of them will likewise be thought of. The partners engaged with our case will be people in general, senior administrators, press, government and non-government associations, clients, forthcoming clients, and ultimately worker's guilds. This rundown is organized, the first being the most significant. They are organized by the measure of intrigue and force they have on the association. The partners with elevated levels of intensity and intrigue must be overseen intently and be kept fulfilled. Every one of these gatherings are influenced by the organization’s choices and they additionally have impact over these. The association will likewise get support from every one of these partners. Open will be steady since decline in contamination will legitimately profit them. Senior official will likewise strong on the grounds that through press, the company’s brand picture will improve and along these lines, the clients and potential clients will go for the company’s items. Ultimately, we will attempt to comprehend these partners and how they feel about the choice and the moral issue. This should be possible with the assistance of meetings and different methods for correspondence. This understanding will help in more precisely organizing the partners. Qualities recognizable proof The third step in the dynamic procedure would be distinguishing proof of the hierarchical qualities. Each association has its own qualities. These qualities set guidelines as indicated by which each person in the association must act. In the event that these norms are not set, everybody will carry on as indicated by their individual qualities which will upset the workplace’s condition. Subsequently, it is fundamental to distinguish and comprehend the significance of these qualities. These qualities could incorporate trustworthiness, demonstrable skill, cooperation, and so forth. These qualities separate between the privilege from wrong, consequently just once we have recognized these qualities, we will have the option to determine authoritative morals issues. (National Defense University, 2006) These qualities will assist us with choosing whether the issue deceptive or not and if the activities of the association are against the organization’s virtues. In our speculative circumstance, the association will meet up so as to recognize its authoritative qualities. The potential qualities that could be recognized would be obligation, responsibility, and polished skill. The association must understand its duty towards the general public, be responsible for its activities and in conclusion be proficient in the manner in which they handle the current issue. Spreading of contamination by the associations processing plants is exploitative on the grounds that it is against its moral qualities. Issue goals This incorporates gathering everything examined in the initial three stages to think of a goals which will settle the issue. It will incorporate an itemized arrangement which will cover all the parts of the moral issue. This is the most significant advance in the entire dynamic procedure since this progression traces the total key arrangement of the association. In the wake of thinking about the issue, partners and the virtues of the organization, the following stage is concocting a goals. The association should initially change its creation procedure so the contamination it is giving out can be restricted. This will require a great deal of capital. The Organization at this stage must choose how this capital will raised. Additionally, another method of the disposing of synthetic waste that is dumped in waterways must be utilized. Next, the association ought to guarantee that greener items are created and reused material ought to be utilized for bundling. It ought to include the press, with the goal that the network will think about this activity of the association. Tending to protests The following stage in dynamic is one of the most hard to deal with as it includes getting others. This progression incorporates proficiently, effectively, expertly and capability tending to issues with the choice or the goals the association has thought of. There are different gatherings that may question this choice. It is the objective of the leaders to deliberately tune in and comprehend these complaints and afterward tending to them suitably. This progression isn't over until the ones questioning are happy with the support given to them. For our situation, one significant gathering that may protest this choice would be the senior officials or the financial specialists who should accommodate this new task. They may question on the grounds that the capital required for this new task would be high and they would need to be fulfilled before they contribute. These gatherings should be guaranteed that this venture may cost a great deal to the organization, yet in the long haul, it won't just advantage the general public yet will likewise profit the association itself. Diminishing contamination will improve the brand picture of the organization which may build its piece of the overall industry. In addition, in future, when the administration will force laws and assessments on giving out of contamination, the association will profit as they will have the option to stay away from it. They should be given trust in their venture. Goals usage After all the five stages, one significant advance is goals execution. The choice must be executed with the end goal for it to be compelling. The association authorities can do as such by masterminding a gathering that will include everybody working for the association. Particularly, the individuals who are new to the association must go to these. In this gathering, the goals must be talked about with everybody in the association. They should be told the drill and how the association anticipates handling the circumstance. At this stage, proposals from everybody from the associations would be invited as these might assist the association with coming up with a superior choice. Alongside this, its significance must be accentuated. It must be clarified that it is essential to follow these rules consistently, in any case genuine estimates will be taken against the individuals who breech it. At last, laborers must be observed and managed to know whether the moral norms are being met. At similar occasions, the viability of the measures presented should likewise be checked. The laborers could be given criticism on how they are getting along staying aware of it, positive or negative. They should be valued and a prize framework must be created on the off chance that they figure out how to tail them. This will inspire them to adhere to the guidelines without management in future. A morals execution assessment ought to be created. This will take a gander at how the association has acted. This would empower the association to look at whether its activities and choices are predictable with its motivation and virtues. (Miriam Schulman, 2008) Also preparing must be giving in the event that it is requir

Minor Changes - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Minor Changes - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Minor Changes After about a year and a half of managing the UGA Admissions blog, I think it is about time to make a few modifications to the site. I will be making changes slowly over the next few months, with some being functional and some being cosmetic in nature. A few days ago, I added the Subscribe Via Email link in the right hand column so that you can receive an email every time I add a post. In addition, there have been some requests to try to organize the comments a little better. While I do not control all aspects of the functional part of the blog (thanks Blogger!), I an able to add some new features as they become available to the blogging world. One such feature is a different style of comments that will order the responses better. In addition, while the look of the site is not bad, it could definitely use a little more excitement and color. Dont fear, I will not be making any radical changes, just some needed additions. Please let me know if you have any suggestions for the blog as far as features, and I will see what can be done. Go Dawgs!

Genetic Interaction Between Lsd1 And Hyperphosphorylated Tau

Approved By: In accordance with IACUC Protocol # Rohitha Moudgal NBB 495A Fall 2015 Honors Proposal Investigating a Genetic Interaction Between LSD1 and Hyperphosphorylated Tau in a P301S Mouse Model Background Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia and is characterized by the degeneration and death of brain cells that causes a loss of mental function. Although neuronal loss is not considered a normal part of aging, age is a significant risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (Lindsay et al., 2002). Hallmarks of AD include tau tangles and Amyloid-ÃŽ ² plaques, whose interaction is thought to lead to neuronal death (Ittner GÃ ¶tz, 2011). At present, there is no singular cause identified for AD, and further study is required before a cure can be developed. One proposed link to AD is a mutation in Microtubule Associated Protein Tau (MAPT), coded by the MAPT gene located on chromosome 17 (Lee, Goedert, Trojanowski, 2001). Tau protein is normally soluble and functions to stabilize microtubules within axons. However, mutations in MAPT can cause Neurofibrillary Tangles (NFTs) comprised of hyper-phosphorylated tau protein to collect within neurons and spread throu ghout the brain (Clavaguera et al., 2009). These tau tangles are detergent-insoluble and impair axonal transport to an extent (Zhang et al., 2012). Transgenic mice expressing mutant human P301S tau protein exhibit synaptic dysfunction followed by hippocampal and cortical neuronal loss (Yoshiyama et al.,

How Much Air Force One Cost

Air Force One, the aircraft that transports the president of the United States, cost  about $2 billion to build and more than $200,000 to fly, according to federal spending records and published reports. Taxpayers pay for some or all of the Air Force One cost regardless of whether the presidents airplane is used for official trips or unofficial, political purposes. The two newest Air Force One airplanes, both models  747-8, are being outfitted by Boeing at a combined cost of about $3.9 billion and were to take flight in 2021. The White House determines whether use of Air Force One is for official or political purposes. Many times the Boeing 747 is used for a combination of events. Specific Air Force One Costs The $200,000-plus hourly Air Force One cost covers everything from fuel, maintenance, engineering support, food and lodging for the pilots and crew and other operational costs that include the use of special communications equipment. In addition to the hourly cost of Air Force One, taxpayers cover salaries for Secret Service staff and other assistants who travel with the president. Occasionally, when there are more than 75 people traveling with the president, the federal government will use a second passenger airplane to accommodate them. What is an Official Trip? Perhaps the most common example of official Air Force One use by the president is traveling across the United States to explain and win support for his administrations policies. Another is traveling overseas on official state business to meet with foreign leaders, such as President Barack Obamas 2010 trip on Air Force One to India. When a president travels on official business, taxpayers cover all Air Force One costs including food, lodging and car rentals, according to the Congressional Research Service. During official trips taxpayers also cover the cost of travel for the presidents immediate family and staff. What is a Political Trip? The most common example of a political trip on Air Force One is when the president travels to a destination in his role not as commander-in-chief but as de facto leader of his political party. Such travel would be to attend fundraisers, campaign rallies or party events. On the campaign trail, Obama and other presidential nominees have also gotten to use armored buses that cost more than $1 million each. When Air Force One is used for political purposes, the president often reimburses the government for the cost of food, lodging and travel. The president or his election campaign pays back an amount that is equivalent of the airfare that they would have paid had they used a commercial airline, according to the Congressional Research Service. According to The Associated Press, though, the president or his campaign does not pay for the entire Air Force One operation cost. They pays an amount that is based on the number of people board the airplane. Taxpayers still pick up the cost of Secret Service agents and the operation of Air Force One. Political and Officials Trips The a president and his family and staff travel on Air Force One for a combination of political and officials purposes, they typically reimburse taxpayers for the part of the trip that is considered campaigning. For example, if half of the presidents trip is spent raising money for his or another officials election, he or his campaign will reimburse taxpayers for half the cost of his travel, food and lodging. There are gray areas, of course. When they travel and appear in public to defend their policy positions, the difference between their official duties and their activities as leaders of their political party can be difficult to assess, the Congressional Research Service state. As a result, the White House decides the nature of travel on a case-by-case basis, attempting to determine whether each trip, or part of a trip, is or is not official by considering the nature of the event involved, and the role of the individual involved.

GCSE Geographical Investigation Free Essays

Managing Resources There is a need to manage, preserve and enhance the environment (built and natural) to maintain the tourist trade. This can be achieved in a variety of ways. The Growth in tourism There has been a steady but dramatic increase in tourism since the 1920/1930’s. We will write a custom essay sample on GCSE Geographical Investigation or any similar topic only for you Order Now This was due to the increase and availability of cars for the average family. As families began to develop more and more disposable income in which they could use to buy cars etc. With this came family individuality, this meant that family’s who wanted to go out into the countryside didn’t have to wait for a long and uncomfortable bus journey to get into places of natural beauty. The questions that I will be answering in my essay are as follows: 1) Is there a need for conservation and stewardship in the Upper Derwent Valley? 2) Is the area managed in order to conserve the environment in the Upper Derwent Valley? 3) Does the Upper Derwnet Valley have some or all the features of a honeypot location? How will answering these questions help me to investigate my title? By answering these questions I will gather evidence and information about the Upper Derwent Valley, I will then be able to decide whether there is a need for management or stewardship in certain areas of the Upper Derwent Valley. Background Information Over 100 years ago the Derwent Valley in North Derbyshire was identified as having all the necessary attributes for water storage to satisfy the growing needs of the local population and industry in North Derbyshire, Sheffield, Nottingham, Derby and Leicester, the valley being deep and long, surrounded by grit stone edges with narrow points for dam building, and having a high rainfall. This valley close to Sheffield is now extremely popular with visitors who come to enjoy the attractive mix of water and woodland within the surrounding moorland. The road winds up the left flank of Lady bower, Derwent and Howden Reservoirs for nearly 8 miles to a turnaround at King’s Tree. Here are some interesting facts about the famous reservoirs in the Upper Derwent valley: Catchment area 19,850 hectares Reservoir capacity 463692 million litres (3 reservoirs) Treatment works Yorkshire Bridge, opened 1929 Water filtered, chlorine added and pH corrected Bamford Stage I opened 1948 Bamford Stage II opened 1967 Where the water goes: (millions of liters) 450 (untreated) Sheffield 172 (treated) 77 Derbyshire 68 Leicester 27 Nottingham The Dambusters Derwent reservoir was used by the RAF’s Dambusters to practise their low level flying techniques during 1943, in preparation for delivering Barnes Wallis’ famous ‘bouncing bombs’ to German dams. Located in the West Tower of the Derwent Valley Dam is the Derwent Dam (617 Squadron) Museum which houses a collection of memorabilia dedicated to the famous Dams Raid carried out by 617 Dambusters Squadron. It includes photographs and other material covering all aspects of the Dams Raid How to cite GCSE Geographical Investigation, Papers

Ordeal by Cheque The life of Jr Essay Example For Students

Ordeal by Cheque: The life of Jr Essay John McElyeaAugust 24, 2003TLCCheckbook Final DraftOrdeal by Cheque: The life of JrTony turned the corner at a dangerous speed, trying to go even faster, but the sirens behind him did not get any softer. This was all the kids fault. That stupid kid. Tony sped up, dodging traffic as he had so many times before, except this time it was different. The kid. Tony thought back, remembering everything he could, all the way to the very beginning. Lawrence Exeter Junior had been born in the heat of the day on September 2, 1903. He was different from the day he was born. His rich parents sensed something was wrong, for parents usually can sense things about their child. Therefore, the day after he was born, Marie and Lawrence Exeter took the newborn to Dr. David McCoy for a check-up. The doctor said that the baby was as healthy as a horse, and there was nothing to worry about. Still, the parents worried, because parents can tell. Jr, as everyone called him, was very quiet as a baby and never had big reactions to things. Everyone said he was just quiet. His parent brought him gifts from California Toyland, but they soon figured out that he was happy with just staring at something or handling a small object. When he reached 6, his father enrolled him in Palisades School for boys. Jr excelled in all of his classes except art and handwriting. Jrs 3rd report card showed that he had improved his handwriting, so Lawrence Sr brought Jr a bicycle. Jr was immediately fascinated with it. Within a week, Jr had mastered training wheels, and exactly sixteen days after he had mastered training wheels, Jr was riding it without the training wheels. Jr rode his bicycle everywhere. He even started waking up earlier in the morning so he and his dad could bike down to Palisades, which was nine miles away. His bicycle became his treasure. All of his artwork in art class now somehow revolved around a bicycle. On July 24, 1915, the real trouble with Jr started that would ruin many lives, including Tony Spagonis. Jr was out riding his bicycle, when a man by the name of Steve Matterson came around a corner too fast, tried to slam on brakes, but ended up hitting both Jr and his bike. Because Steve had put on his brakes, Jr only suffered scrapes and bruises. His bike however, was a mess. Jr cried for hours that day, his parents comforting him and telling him they would buy him a new one the next day. They never did. They never pressed charges out of courtesy, for they knew it was an accident that anyone would have made. That night, before Jrs parents put him to bed, he said to them:Im sorryWhat are you sorry for, honey? his mom asked. Youll know, he said, rolling over and pretending to go to sleep. Later, when Jr was sure his parents were asleep, he got up, and wrote a simple letter that read:im sorry He put the letter in an envelope, sealed it, and somehow correctly addressed it to Steve Matterson. Three days later, right before Mrs. Exeter was about to take her son to the toyshop to buy a new bike, she picked up the paper and a certain article caught her eye. It said: Man MurderedSteve Matterson was found chokedto death in his house. Officials say Later in the story it mentioned that a letter was found in his house that said im sorry. This was enough for Marie. She knew how to put two and two together. What did you do to Steve, she asked Jr. Im sorry, he said casually. Well, you cant get a new bike until I know what happened. He glared at her for a moment, then said, I made him sorry, too.Of course, you can guess that didnt go over well. The Exeter family never discussed it outside the immediate family. There was much discussion between Mr. and Mrs. Exeter, though. They decided to straighten him out. They knew that he was directly linked to Mattersons death, but they didnt have a clue as to what had happened. So, on August 31, Jr, now 12 years old, stepped on to the campus of Columbia Military Academy. He was a good student, made good grades, fit in, and his only behavioral problem was his reluctance to talk to his teachers and drill sergeants. When he graduated, his father brought him a brand new Cadillac. It was a beautiful car. It ran as sooth as any, and it was from the nicest dealer in town. Not four days after Jr had received his new car, he ran a red light and smashed into the side of a Ford, crushing the hood of the Cadillac. You Freak! he yelled at the person. YOULL BE SO SORRY YOU EVER THOUGHT YOU COULD MESS UP MY HOOD!The other person came out of the ford, and gave Jr a dark look. You stupid kid, he said dangerously, You are an idiot for thinking that you will ever do anything to me. You caused the accident. Goodbye. The man got back in his car and without another word drove off, leaving Jr standing in the street, furious. Jrs dad sympathized with Jrs tale of a man who had cut across traffic, so the father got the car fixed. Jr wrote a letter that would bring an end to the dark man in the Ford and filled out the envelope. On the way to the mailbox, he had looked down and saw that he had written a letter to a man named Tony Spagoni. Later that year, after many letters to Tony Spagoni (Jr searched the whole paper every day, but couldnt find Tonys name anywhere.), Jrs father had enrolled Jr into Stanford University. After two semesters, Jr was doing real well with his studies, so his father decided to let him have the French vacation that Jr had always wanted. When Jr went to see his parents over the summer, he was surprised by the round trip ticket to France his father gave him. He told them while he was there that a lifeguard named Miss Daisy Windson had saved his life. He told his parents to send her a check for twenty five thousand dollars. They did, and two weeks later, Tony was in France. While he was enjoying France, he met a woman, Miss Ellie Stinson, who was also from the US and touring France. She was from Nevada, he found out. They spent a month together in France. When they got back to the United States, they moved into an apartment together in California. He continued to go out with her, buying her hu ge arrangements of flowers every now and then. Then, Jrs dad brought a huge house and had it furnished and decorated with the most expensive furniture. Before the house was finished, Jr went to Beverly Diamond Gift Shoppe and got a ring that sparkled so much you could see it across the room. He asked Ellie to marry him, she said yes, and the next day Jr got his dad to buy them two tickets for a Hawaii cruise ship. The got married privately on the ship, no one else in the room except Lawrence Exeter Jr, Ellie Exeter, and the minister. When they got back from the cruise, Jrs father gave Jr two hundred thousand dollars as a wedding gift. The couple took their honeymoon in Turkey. They stayed at the Ambassador Hotel in Istanbul. They were there for two weeks, and had the time of their lives. When they got back, their house was finished, so they moved in. Their marriage stayed strong, and Jr still gave her flowers and sweets. Mr Exeter Sr gave Jr his checkbook, because he thought that it was time for Jr to have it. Everything was going great until Jr received the letter in the mail. The letter had no return address, and all it said was: If you wish to live, go to the Parisian Gown Shoppe. Jr did not share this note with his wife, because he thought it might upset her. The next day, he went to the small, shabby shop. He stepped inside and was greeted by a group of men wearing black suits. One of them with dark features Jr recognized as Tony Spagoni. You should be dead, Jr said, pointing at Tony. Atomic Bomb EssayInstead of this apartment, why dont you come stay at my house? he said. Jr agreed instantly. He had grown fond of Tony, and he especially liked writing notes now. Tony only asked for $100 dollars, and Jr, of course, gave it to him. Jr liked Tonys apartment, and that night Jr asked Tony why Tony hadnt died. Tony told him that other people had opened the note, and the note wasnt meant for them, so they hadnt died. Tony had always kept the first note, folded, so he couldnt read it. That was how they discovered he had the ability. The next morning, Tony wanted $100, so Tony got $100. Then, Tony left. While he was gone, Jr got the mail, and saw it was time to write another letter. Jr opened a desk drawer in search of a pen, and found a note from Tony to The Bootery. From the letter, Jr realized that The Bootery was just a family in the mob. This family always had money when they needed it, and whenever there was a threat to the family, all the people involved either die d or got seriously injured. A detective named Peter Ventizzi had just been assigned to bring down The Bootery, and Tony was asking the godfather of The Bootery if he could use Jr to kill Ventizzi. Jr wrote a note to Ventizzi, that had a check for $25, told Peter where he was, gave him Tonys name, and told him not to open any letters. Jr filled out the address (somehow knowing where Ventizzi lived), and mailed it. Then he went back into the house, dialed 911, said that he was at a murderers house, and then sat back. Tony arrived before the police. He saw the note in Jrs hand, immediately understood, pulled out his gun, and fired, then turned and ran to his car as the faint sound of sirens filled the air. Luckily, an ambulance had also been dispatched. Jr spent the next ten days in the hospital, then he had died of internal bleeding. Dr. McCoy, the same guy that delivered him, had treated him. Tony, as he turned another corner at break-neck speed, could remember the last two weeks that he had spent hiding, but he had been found by Ventizzi in the end. He knew that if they captured him, they would be able to get names out of him. He opened his glove compartment, pulled out a note, unfolded it, and read the two words written on it.

Sports And Aggressive Behavior Essays - Dispute Resolution, Emotions

Sports and Aggressive Behavior Sport and aggressive behavior, Do sports create aggressive behavior, or simply attract people who are already aggressive? Aggression and sport have gone together as long as sports have been around, be it the players themselves, to the parents, coaches, or spectators, they just seem to be an inseparable part of each other. The term violence is defined as physical assault based on total disregard for the well being of self and others, or the intent to injure another person ( 2. Coakley). Intimidation usually does not cause physical harm, but often is designed to produce psychological consequences, enabling one person to physically over power or dominate another. These statements as defined by the author, Jay J. Coakley, is what people today have made a must part on sport. Pleasure and participation sports absolutely cannot be grouped with power and performance sports when in relation to aggression.Pleasure sports are simply played for pleasure. Score is usually not kept. The athletes participating are usually on occasion doing it for fun and exercise. A majority of athletes who have been playing sports since they were little, have probably been pounded into their heads that to be successful in sport, you need to be aggressive, and at some times, unnecessary. Also that to get what you want, you have to go at it with all force. Not that this is wrong but, this attitude in today's society has been a major problem factor to the athletes when they get older, to get into trouble with the law. Those long-term effects of so called discipline, patterns develops these destructive behaviors. (9. Montague) Although some people are still in belief that aggressive behaviors in all forms, are grounded into instincts, but they also relate these actions to sports. Their parents played, who were known for their aggressive behavior, so the child feels that they have to live up to that expectation.( 6. Storr) Athletes do have to be aggressive to a point, so that the team can form a strategy to win. There is also a limit to aggression when it turns into violence. People might say that it's not aggression or violence, it's just adrenaline pumping. Adrenaline isn't even similar to violence. Aggression, maybe, but nothing that would be harmful to anyone else. This might be a factor to why contact sports are so popular. For example, football, hockey, rugby, wrestling, and boxing. Contrary to predictions of instinct theory, several studies show that contact sports exist and thrive in the same societies that have high rates of aggression and violence. Unfortunately, another belief is that contact sports teach discipline, self-respect, and self-defense. (8. May ) Contact sports aren't a positive way to teach these things. Being physically tough helps, but it also needs to be left on the field when the game is over. This can also lead to the abuse of family, girlfriends, boyfriends, friends, and any other person who gets in their "way", because athletes use these sports as a way to get their aggression and angers out. ( 10. Hauser, Powers, Noam ) Other's might argue that it's skill, and not in the least way violent. Although we really can't give a straight and to the point answer to the question "Is aggression an Instinct?" We can say that in man, as in other animals, there exists a physiological mechanism, when stimulated, it rises both subjective feelings of anger and to physical changes, which relate to fighting. This is easily set off, and like other emotional responses, it is very stereotyped, and instinctive. Just like one person is like a very angry person; they resemble one another at the psychological level. The way in which humans adapt to and control their feelings of rage. ( 5. Toch) The mechanisms in which these body changes, the functions that come about is still completely misunderstood. ( 5. Toch) Experiments from animal's show that it appears that there is a small area from the base of the brain in which the feeling of anger starts. This, from which is sent to the nervous impulses that cause the blood pressure to rise. This area is called the hypothalamus. Its function is to coordinate responses

Negative Impacts of Smoking on Individuals and Society

Negative Impacts of Smoking on Individuals and Society Introduction Each cigarette smoked, shortens life by 11 minutes. It can affect the strength of bones and the color of teeth. Stamina gets reduced, owing to decreased blood circulation. Smoking is the root cause of different kinds of cancers, the most common being lung throat cancer.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Negative Impacts of Smoking on Individuals and Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It also decreases our body immunity i.e. the power of body to resist illness. It also reduces fertility in men as well as women. It deprives the skin of oxygen and as a result, the skin loses its texture. Hence, a smoker will appear to be 5 years older than his/her non-smoking counterparts. Tobacco consumption is an addiction similar to the addictions of alcohol, drugs or even sex for that matter. An addict of such habits cannot come out that easily. While efforts should be made to discourage such an addiction, such mea sures should be taken that keep the new generation spaced out. Then, we know that the problem is not incessant and the focus of the approach can be centralized. This would make the job a lot easier. The main culprits of spreading this addiction are the tobacco products manufacturing companies. They should maintain some code of conduct. But their profits are based on the sufferings of others. I am saying this because an addict doesn’t buy the product out of choice, but out of compulsion and addiction. The companies are to blame for promoting the tobacco products in a deceptive manner. If at all any tobacco manufacturing company wants to promote its products, it should be based on facts. The hazardous side effects of smoking should be highlighted in their advertisement campaigns. A simple mention of â€Å"Smoking kills† or â€Å"Smoking is injurious to health† on the packs is not enough. Moreover, they should respect the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). But despite restrictions to entice teenagers, their marketing is such that the youngsters are allured to try out smoking. The â€Å"cowboy† campaign of Marlboro cigarettes is a paradigm. Due to this campaign, the sales of the company increased manifolds. Smokers’ diseases and higher death rate by smoking Smoking has an ill effect on almost all the parts of a human body. In general, smoking leads to deteriorating health conditions of smokers. According to reliable sources, smoking has lead to â€Å"269,655 deaths among males and 173,940 deaths among females in the United States† (Adhikari et al, 2008, par. 3).Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ira Ockene claims that, â€Å"As many as 30% of all coronary disease (CHD) deaths in the United States each year are attributable to cigarette smoking, with the risk being strongly dose-related. Smoking also nearl y doubles the risk of ischemic stroke† (Ockene, par. 1). Chronic bronchitis is one of the most common diseases found in smokers. Patricia Macnair claims that, â€Å"Smoking is the most important cause of chronic bronchitis† (Macnair, par. 8). A claim made by the authors of an article is very astonishing in the sense that, â€Å"The adverse health effects from cigarette smoking account for an estimated 443,000 deaths, or nearly one of every five deaths, each year in the United States† (â€Å"Health Effects of Cigarette Smoking† par. 2). A table depicting the annual death rates caused by smoking is at Appendix 1. Passive smoking affects non-smokers Passive smoking is as dangerous as smoking. Besides inhaling the dangerous smoke, the smokers exhale the remnant smoke. This smoke is also very dangerous when it mixes with the surrounding environment and goes into the lungs of the non-smokers, making them passive smokers. â€Å"Evidence suggests that exposure to secondhand smoke also can result in adverse health effects, including heart disease in non-smoking adults† (Institute of Medicine, 2009, 1). Non-smokers’ diseases and death rate caused by passive smoking Jinot and Bayard found â€Å"suggested evidence in the data that passive smoking may be associated with lung cancer (OR = 2.01, p0.03 for a one-sided test), but that is based only on the crude odds ratio in unmatched data and needs to be confirmed by a more thorough evaluation of the data† (A-102). A subsequent study was conducted and Jinot and Bayard claim that the results showed that â€Å"any effect of passive smoking on risk of lung cancer or other smoking-associated disease is at most quite small, if it exists at all† (A-104). Medical cost and insurance caused by smoking and passive smoking Just to put forth the quantum of money involved in the treatment of smoking related disease, a study conducted by McGhee et al can be very informative. McGhee et al conducted a research that showed that in Hong Kong (in the year 1998), â€Å"The annual value of direct medical costs, long term care and productivity loss was US $532 million for active smoking and US $156 million for passive smoking; passive smoking accounted for 23% of the total costs† (McGhee et al, 2006). The study further claims that â€Å"Adding the value of attributable lives lost brought the annual cost to US $9.4 billion† (McGhee et al, 2006). Governmental efforts to reduce the smoking rate A majority of health effects of smoking were known almost 40 years back. However, governments were moderate to react to the increasing health hazards. Even though there are many strategies (anti-tobacco strategies) being developed by the nations across the globe, the smoking-related deaths continue to escalate. Now there is a general understanding that in order to decrease smoking rates considerably, governments need to embrace a complete new approach to control tobacco . This might as well incorporate a variety of measures.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Negative Impacts of Smoking on Individuals and Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Like, a boycott of tobacco promoting and advertising; restraints on smoking out in the public places and in the work environment; increase in tobacco taxation clubbed with measures to check pirating; huge and striking health warnings on tobacco features; smoking discontinuance and health training crusades; and to follow the guidelines agreed by the health community rather than the people in the tobacco business. Strict laws should be enacted instead of waiting for voluntary control on smoking. Given the huge trouble that smoking places on health department, governments in advanced countries have reacted by presenting an array of tobacco control measures. On the contrary, the less developed countries have shown greater and effective results of their campaigns against smoking. So there is a lot to learn for governments of developed nations. A global treaty to contain tobacco trade can be very effective in reducing the diseases and loss of lives. Following are some of the initiatives that can be taken by the government. Public information campaigns Society can participate at par with the government in such campaigns. Awareness about the perilous side effects of smoking should be spread at a warfront level. Higher prices This policy has been tried by a few countries and the results were encouraging. The logic behind this, in my opinion, is that in adolescence, the children have limited pocket money and if there is a price rise, they will be left with no option than to reduce their smoking. Total ban on advertisements As mentioned earlier, the â€Å"cowboy† campaign gave such a masculine effect that people were mad about Marlboro. If, at that time, the campaign would not have been approved by the government, today, for sure, the number of smoking addicts would have been much less. The government should learn from its past follies and put a ban on any sort of advertisements regarding tobacco products. More health warnings with emotional touch â€Å"Man is a social animal†. He is attached to his family and friends with so many emotional strings. If the health warnings touch these emotional strings, it will definitely create a positive impact and people will try to keep themselves away from the hazards of smoking.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ban on smoking at public places Success in today’s world means progress. Progress means to be on the run for better prospects. Better prospects can’t be achieved sitting at home. A person has to spend most of his time in public places; office, railway platform, bus station, etc. So if smoking is banned at public places, automatically the quantum of smoking will be reduced. Celebrities should be involved People are greatly impressed by celebrities and their life styles. So if celebrities are involved in anti-smoking campaigns, I am sure it will help in achieving the motive to a great extent. Conclusion In concluding this paper, it is understood that whatever said and done, the main responsibility rests on the government and the society. The government should take stern measures to uproot this evil. The society also has a major role to play in rooting out this evil. Adolescence is the time when most of the habits are developed. This period is most crucial for the develop ment of a human being’s personality. If certain evils are kept away from him throughout this period, it is quite possible that the person will remain aloof from inculcating a habit of such things. In my opinion, the age limit for the consumption of tobacco products should be 21 years. For addicts, quitting smoking is a battle that can be won by controlling the urge and by having a strong will power. Annotated Bibliography Adhikari, B. Kahende, J. Malarcher, A. Pechacek, T. and Tong, V. (2008). â€Å"Smoking – Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses – United States, 2000 – 2004.† Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 57(45), 1226-1228. Print. â€Å"Smoking – Attributes Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses – United States, 2000 – 2004† is a report compiled by B. Adhikari, J. Kahende, A. Malarcher, T. Pechacek, and V. Vong. The report is part of the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report and is sponsored by the Department of Health and Human Services. The report is very informative and up to date. The authors have also provided a table that shows the annual deaths and estimates of smoking-attributable mortality (SAM), years of potential life lost (YPLL), and productivity losses, by sex and cause of death. The results pertain to the United States from the year 2000 to 2004. Health Effects of Cigarette Smoking 2010. Web. cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/health_effects/effects_cig_smoking/. The article â€Å"Health Effects of Cigarette Smoking†, sponsored by the ‘Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’, makes the reader to comprehend the various ill-effects of smoking. The author has also included some astonishing facts and figures of smoking-related diseases. Even though the author hasn’t gone into the depth of everything, the article definitely includes a detailed list of the diseases associated w ith smoking. Since the targeted audience for this article is the layman, the language used in this article is very simple and explanatory. The author has used some authenticated sources for getting the information included in the article. Institute of Medicine 2009, Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Cardiovascular Effects: Making Sense of the Evidence. PDF file. 9 Apr. 2013. iom.edu/~/media/Files/Report%20Files/2009/Secondhand-Smoke-Exposure-and-Cardiovascular-Effects-Making-Sense-of-the-Evidence/Secondhand%20Smoke%20%20Report%20Brief%203.pdf. The article â€Å"Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Cardiovascular Effects: Making Sense of the Evidence† is a report published by the Institute of Medicine, in 2009. In addition to educating the reader about the serious hazards of smoking, like coronary heart disease, the report also includes the reports on the effects of ban on smoking. According to the report, there has been a reduction in the heart attack cases due to the implementation of prohibition on smoking. One negative aspect of the report is that due to the fewer quanta of available data, the effect of the ban on non-smokers could not be established. Further research includes the effects of indoor smoking prohibitions. Jinot, Jennifer, and S. Bayard. Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking: Lung Cancer and Other Disorders, Washington, D.C.: Diane Publishing. 1993. Print. The authors, Jennifer Jinot and Steven Bayard, wrote the book â€Å"Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking: Lung Cancer and Other Disorders† in the year 1993. The book is very informative as far as the physical and chemical aspects of the cigarette smoke are concerned. The authors have given in-depth details about all such properties. The author’s view (in fact, findings) about passive smoking is that the passive smokers are not affected to a great extent by passive smoking. According to them, the effect is very nominal. The authors have also included some studies in their book and have used the data to arrive at certain conclusions; the one on passive smoking is one of them. McGhee, SM, LM Ho, HM Lapsley, J Chau, WL Cheung, SY Ho, M Pow, TH Lam and AJ Hedley. â€Å"Cost of Tobacco-related Diseases, Including Passive Smoking, in Hong Kong.† Tobacco Control 15.2. (2006): 125-130. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Web. The journal titled, â€Å"Cost of Tobacco-related Diseases, Including Passive Smoking, in Hong Kong† has been written by the authors, SM McGhee, LM Ho, HM Lapsley, J CHau, WL Cheung, SY Ho, M Pow, TH Lam and AJ Hedley. The authors aim to bring forth the details of expenses incurred by the government in treating the smokers and the passive smokers. The journal is a well written one and includes information from reliable sources. The authors believe that the expenses incurred on the smokers and the passive smokers are a total loss to the society and as such, the government should take stern steps to curb th is menace. Adhikari, B. Kahende, J. Malarcher, A. Pechacek, T. and Tong, V. (2008). â€Å"Smoking – Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses – United States, 2000 – 2004.† Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 57(45), 1226-1228. Print. Health Effects of Cigarette Smoking 2010. Web. cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/health_effects/effects_cig_smoking/. Institute of Medicine 2009, Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Cardiovascular Effects: Making Sense of the Evidence. PDF file. 9 Apr. 2013. iom.edu/~/media/Files/Report%20Files/2009/Secondhand-Smoke-Exposure-and-Cardiovascular-Effects-Making-Sense-of-the-Evidence/Secondhand%20Smoke%20%20Report%20Brief%203.pdf. Jinot, Jennifer, and S. Bayard. Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking: Lung Cancer and Other Disorders, Washington, D.C.: Diane Publishing. 1993. Print. Macnair, Patricia. n.d. Chronic Bronchitis, Emphysema and COPD (‘Smoker’s Lung’ ). n.d. Web. netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/smokerslung.htm. McGhee, SM, LM Ho, HM Lapsley, J Chau, WL Cheung, SY Ho, M Pow, TH Lam and AJ Hedley. â€Å"Cost of Tobacco-related Diseases, Including Passive Smoking, in Hong Kong.† Tobacco Control 15.2. (2006): 125-130. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Web. Ockene, Ira. n.d. Cigarette Smoking, Cardiovascular Disease, and Stroke. N.d. Web. http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/96/9/3243.full. Appendix 1 Source: cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm#tab

Fashion Related Museum Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fashion Related Museum Response - Essay Example The Museum exhibition by Yves Saint Laurent and Halston is the premier exhibition to a clear sight into the contribution of Saint Laurent and Halston in the fashion industry (Mears 3). The vibrant nature of their careers exemplifies the dynamism of fashion, and mood and style dictate menswear collections. A look at the exhibition works from the two presents an opportunity for a student’s like me to explore the wealth of the 1970s fashions. The exhibition allows an in-depth understanding of fashion as the cultural landscape of a sexy and glamorous outlook. The main display aims at celebrating the achievements of Saint Laurent and Halston. By virtue of their exemplary designs, the two designers play the pivotal role in the definition of an indolent fashion in the 1970s. When I attended the fashion event, the works of both artists with approximately 100 exclusive collections from the FIT Museum stood thematically with a sense of style. Style evokes the qualities of individualism and displays a level of self-esteem. For Saint Laurent and Halston, the fashion of the 1970s meant the relaxation to the codes of fashion. Evidently, all the works at the exhibition display a combination of modernity and the economic mood that formed the moral fabrics of the early societies. The history of modern fashion emanates from the fashion transition pioneered by the advent of design from Saint Laurent and Halston. During their era, the two designers dominated the fashion industry with their creativity and artistry. However, as the years passed, the two grew in the making of distinct designs that were on display at the exhibitions. By shear entrance into the show, one is fascinated by the adventurous nature of the careers of Saint Laurent and Halston from works of their mind and hand. Their exhibits look dynamic and conform to the ways of modern fashion despite them being more than two decades old.

Patient safety officer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Patient safety officer - Essay Example e that standards of the institution are maintained to meet the needs of the client, and continuous improvement of systems in response to hazards that may occur are important in patient safety. By developing the hospital staff through trainings, workshops, drills, et cetera, there will be improvement in rendering care towards clients. Responsibilities of the patient safety officer include overseeing if standards for safety are followed, taking action for hazards, and facilitating staff development activities. As a responsibility of health care institutions to prevent patients from acquiring hospital-associated infections (HAI), infection control programs are given importance in hospitals. Recent studies propose that the use of evidenced-based practices (EBPs) can help prevent HAIs (Yokoe & Classen, 2008, p.S3). In addition, monitoring of performance based on patient outcomes are recommended evaluative measures. Documentation of infections that occur, if any, as well as the outcomes of EBPs application are important ways to â€Å"improve care and as a means to enable customers to choose safer care† (p.S6). In the United States, the Joint Commission for the Accreditation of Health care Organizations directs the participation of health care facilities in hazard surveillance rounds (Prezant, et al., p.92). This is done to assess compliance gaps and identify hazardous conditions, performed semiannually in hospitals and annually in clinics (p.92). It is the duty of the safety officer or manager to lead the activity, record the process, report data, and facilitate improvements with the safe committee (p.92). Risks or hazards identified are managed according to the four Ts strategy of terminating, treating, transferring, and tolerating which may also be adapted in health care. Termination can be done either by making changes in materials used or terminating the operation associated with the risk (Stephans, 2004, p.121). Treatment is performed by applying controls that

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of Clobetasol for Psoriasis

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of Clobetasol for Psoriasis Formulation and Evaluation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of Clobetasol for Topical Treatment of Psoriasis CHAPTER 4 Methodology 4. METHODOLOGY MATERIALS USED: Table 5: LIST OF CHEMICALS USED WITH SUPPLIERS Table 6: LIST OF EUIPMENTS USED WITH SUPPLIERS Physicochemical study on the drug: Melting point determination Melting point is the temperature at which the pure liquid and solid exist in equilibrium. In practice it is taken as equilibrium mixture at an external pressure of 1 atmosphere; this is sometimes known as normal melting point. The Thiel’s tube method of melting point determination liquid paraffin was used in present study. UV spectrum UV scanning was done for pure drug from 200-400 nm in the dilution medium of methanol and in the dilution medium of phosphate buffer pH 7.4 Standard calibration curves of Clobetasol: Reagents Methanol Phosphate Buffer pH 7.4 114,115 Medium- Methanol  116 50 mg accurately weighed CP was dissolved in the methanol and volume was made up to 50ml with methanol [Stock 1]. From stock 1, different dilutions were prepared in the concentration range of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 µ g/ml using methanol as dilution medium. The absorbance of these solutions was measured against blank as methanol in UV spectrophotometer at 240 nm. Medium- Phosphate buffer pH 7.4 solution 50 mg accurately weighed CP was dissolved in the methanol and volume was made up to 100ml with methanol [Stock 1]. From stock 1, different dilutions were prepared in the concentration range of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 µ g/ml using Phosphate buffer pH 7.4 solution. The absorbance of these solutions was measured against Phosphate buffer pH 7.4 solution as blank in UV spectrophotometer at 239 nm. Compatibility studies of drug and polymers: FTIR spectra of pure clobetasol, physical mixtures, and SLN formulations are carried out to determine if there was any interaction between the drug and the other formulation components117. Since IR is related to covalent bonds, the spectra can provide detailed information about the structure of molecular compounds. In order to establish this  point, comparisons were made between the spectrum of the substances and pure compound. The Preformulation study was carried out prior to the development of the dosage forms. The compatibility of the drug and the excipients used were determined by IR spectrometer Shimadzu 8400 series. The spectra of formulations were compared with that of pure drug in order to ascertain for any possible interaction between polymer and drug. Preliminary studies: Initially, SLN was prepared by solvent injection method by using clobetasol (drug), carnauba wax and beeswax as lipid phase, cetyl alcohol and lecithin soya as surfactants. Tween 20 as co surfactant phase and finally distilled water to make up the volume. Where in this method, both liquid phase and lipid phase were heated to 70-75oC. When lipid phase was heated to desired temperature drug was dispersed in it and added to aqueous phase under the magnetic stirrer for 30mins. The lipid phase is added in to aquoes phase by drop wise using syringe. Thus SLNs were formed due to rapid crystallization of oil droplets and precipitation. This respective formulation design is shown in table 7. But the formed SLN was not dried and unstable. Therefore lipid extrusion method was used to prepare various formulations with different concentrations of lipid in an effort to optimize the formulations for the particle size ranging in nano scale. Table 7: Formulation design for solvent injection method The lipid extrusion method was adopted to prepare SLN. At 25mg of CP is kept constant in all formulation. Initially, the drug with different lipids tried with different concentration constant speed. The SLN were evaluated for particle size. The composition of formulation is shown in table. Formulation design:11,17,18 Procedure for preparation of SLN by lipid extrusion technique: Lipid extrusion is carried out at temperatures above the melting point of the lipid and is similar to the homogenization of an emulsion. A pre-emulsion of the drug loaded lipid melt and the aqueous emulsifier phase (same temperature) is obtained by high-shear mixing device (like Polytron PT 1600E homogenizer). High pressure homogenization of the pre-emulsion is done above the lipid melting point. Usually, lower particle sizes are obtained at higher processing temperatures because of lowered viscosity of the lipid phase. Fig 11: Schematic representation of SLN preparation by lipid extrusion Table 8: Formulation design for lipid extrusion method Table 9: Formulation design with stirring speed and duration of rotation using Polytron pt 1600E for Formulation F EVALUTION OF SLN: Physical Evaluations: Visual appearance pH: The pH of SLN formulations were measured using pH paper. Rheological studies Rheological properties (study of deformation and flow of matter) are required in various pharmaceutical areas. It helps to monitor the effect of vehicles consistency on release of drug from the preparations and subsequent percutaneous absorption. Also it is important from the manufacturing point of view. Viscosity measurements were carried out using a Brookfield viscometer (T – bar spindle). The formulation of SLN was kept in 100ml beaker and dial readings was noted at 3, 5, 6, 10, 12, 20, 30, 50 and 60 rpm. The speed was then successively lowered and the corresponding dial readings were noted. Particle Size Analysis118: The particle size should be less than 1000 nm in nanoparticles. It can be analyzed by using Malvern particle size analyzer. Particles in the size range of colloids display constant random thermal motion which is known as Brownian motion. This motion causes the intensity of light scattered by the particles to vary with time. The larger the particle slower their motion and hence the smaller the variation in intensity of light scattered. Photon correlation spectroscopy uses the rate of change in the intensity to determine the size distribution of particles. The zetasizer has a correlator with 64 channels. Each of this channel measures changes in light fluctuation over a defined time span. The time span is known as the sample time or delay time the correlator measures the light intensity by counting photons. For a very short time period the changes in light intensities will be very small as the particles had very little time to move. The position of the particles can be statistically defined as being highly correlated, Contrast to this with a long sample time, particles will have moved randomly from their initial positions. Therefore the particles can be described statistically as not being correlated. Zeta potential measurement Zeta potential of the SLNs were measured by malveren zetasizer. The zetasizer mainly consist of laser which is used to provide a light source to illuminate the particles within the sample. For zetapotential measurements this light splits to provide an incident and reference beam. The incident laser beam passes through the centre of the sample cell, and the scattered light at an angle of about 130 is detected. when an electric field is applied to the cell, any particles moving through the measurement volume will cause the intensity of light detected to fluctuate with a frequency proportional to the particle speed and this information is passed to the digital signal possessor and then to a computer. Zetasizer software produces a frequency spectrum from which the electrophoretic mobility hence the zeta potential  is calculated. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): Surface morphology of the specimen will be determined by using a scanning electron microscope. Procedure: The samples are dried thoroughly in vaccum desicator before mounting on brass specimen studies, using double sided adhesive tape. Gold-palladium alloy of 120 °A Knees was coated on the sample sputter coating unit (Model E5 100 Polaron U.K) in Argon at ambient of 8-10 with plasma voltage about 20mA. The sputtering was done for nearly 5 minutes to obtain uniform coating on the sample to enable good quality SEM images. The SEM was operated at low accelerating voltage of about 15KV with load current about 80mA.The condenser lens position was maintained betwee 4.4-5.1. The objective lens aperture has a diameter of 240 microns and working distance WD=39mm. Drug content119: The drug equivalent to 10 mg of formulation was taken and dissolved in small quantity of methanol. Then the formulation is warmed on the water bath so that the drug present in the formulation was completely dissolved. Then the solution was filtered through Whattman filter paper in 25 ml. volumetric flask and volume was made up to the mark by methanol to give concentration of 1000 ÃŽ ¼g/ml. for Clobetasol. Then 1 ml. was pipetted out in 100 ml. volumetric flask to give concentration of 10ÃŽ ¼g/ml and then absorbance was measured at 240 nm. In-vitro release studies114,115,120: In Franz diffusion cell, 6 gm. of sample was kept in donor compartment. The entire surface of cellophane membrane was in contact with the receptor compartment containing 50 ml of phosphate buffer pH 7.4. The receptor compartment was continuously stirred using the magnetic stirrer. The temperature was maintained 35 °C. The study was carried out for 24 hrs and the sample was withdrawn at 30 minute time interval and same volume was replaced with free phosphate buffer. The content of clobetasol from withdrawn sample was measured after suitable dilution. Stability studies: Whenever a new formulation is developed, it is very essential to establish that the therapeutic activity of the drug has not undergone any change. To conform this, the selected formulations were subjected to stability studies. Generally, the observation of the rate at which the product degrades under normal room temperature requires long time. To avoid this undesirable delay, the principles of the accelerated stability studies are adopted. The International Conference of Harmonization guidelines titled â€Å"stability testing for drug substance and product† describes the stability tests requirements for drug registration applications in the European Union, Japan and United States of America. Table 10: International climatic zones and climatic conditions Table 11: General stability testing consideration Study

being there Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Being There is the story of Chance, a simple gardener turned American media hero. He seems to know nothing but television and gardening. His thoughts and judgments are products of television and his gardening experience. Yet through his simple mild mannered ways he unintentionally becomes the center of America’s business news. The author of Being There, Jerzy Kosinski said â€Å"To read a novel is to practice for real life. Fiction doesn’t change anybody’s life, it merely hints at the different ways of looking at oneself, at others, and at society† Since Chance was not able to read, television shows were his novels. Television was his practice for real life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Television was like a mirror for Chance. Chance felt, â€Å"by changing the channel he could change himself† He was able to imagine himself to be people on television. I believe this is why Chance was able to put on the appearance he had even if it was unintentional. His appeal and gestures were all products of TV’s influence. With the help of the old man’s suit, Chance passed for a wealthy business man without even trying or knowing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Having no contact with the outside world growing up, television was Chance’s only hint of what society was like. By flipping through the channels, Chance noticed the different ways people would interact with each other. Television provided him with the hints of different ways of looking at people and society. ...

Research Qualitative Review

This paper will critique the qualitative study written by Peiters, et al. (2011), which looks at the journey and barriers older women diagnosed with breast cancer must hurdle to receive treatment. This research was to reveal the complexities of breast cancer diagnosis, treatment and life in general for women greater than seventy-years old. To achieve this task, Peiters, et al. , (2011) implemented the constructivist grounded theory. The data analysis approach appropriately utilized for this research was constructivist grounded theory. This theory allows for self reflection during data gathering and analysis, which divulges any influential prejudices that may arise from both researcher and study subject. Influencing this theory is symbolic interactionism which emphasizes ones’ ultimate ambition and the lifelong social synergy that transpires to achieve it (Peiters, et al. , 2011). The recruitment of participants was obtained by posting flyers in public areas in Southern California and two bordering states. The locations targeted were oncology departments, cancer support agencies, oncologist offices, churches, senior community centers, and retirement centers. Newspaper advertisements, as well were used to elicit participation. Purposive and snowballing techniques were utilized. Screening for eligibility, clearly defined, was done via telephone for inclusions which ended with eighteen women all over the age of seventy, completed treatment for treatment for breast cancer within the last three to fifteen months. Informed consent was obtained and interviews took place mainly in homes or apartments lasting up to two and a half hours. One limitation of the study was that second interviews stopped at only ten women and may have excluded valuable new incite to the study, although researchers claim that second interviews revealed no new data, hence implying data saturation. Adequate thick description was given of the participants, setting and study processes to ensure transferability (Polit & Beck, 2012). Interviews were guided by a questionnaire and responses were tape recorded, followed by verbatim transcription. Examples of interview questions were provided for the reader to convey effectiveness of the process (Polit & Beck, 2012). Other helpful tables provided were the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Category schemes revealed are three barriers that theses breast cancer survivors faced, which were lack of information, preexisting co-morbidities and multiple health care appointments. These schemes prove logical for the study as they helped elaborate the purpose of the research. Multiple passages from the participants were extracted to give evidence of well interpreted data and emotional state of the participants. Data analysis was systematic initial coding, followed by focused coding using ATLAS. ti, version 6. to magnify reoccurring data. To create a audit trail, memos, field notes and diagrams were written. Two researchers, one of them being the principle investigator and the other well versed in grounded theory analysis, were responsible for coding and analyzing the data. In nursing the level of evidence provides assurance for the methods that were utilized for the study (Polit & Beck, 2012). This research would qualify as level VI, given that it is a single descriptive, qualitative, physiologic study specific to women aged seventy or older and their journey through life with breast cancer. The goals of this research are affirmed by the extensive detailed interviews of eighteen older women and their struggles with breast cancer. Each participant plummeted through barricades to recieveing health care. The importance of an oncology nurse navigator emerged as a valuable role to help clarify the process of obtaining services for healthcare. Meticulous care was taken in the transcription of taped interviews and explicit excerpts were bestowed to the reader to ensure trustworthiness.

Walk Into School And Class For The First Time Since High...

I’m about to walk into school and go to class for the first time since high school. It’s been fifteen years and I never thought that I would make it back to school. I mean I had hope to go to school again just didn’t ever really think about it. When life hits hard, people just don’t have as much time to do the things they grew up thinking they would do. Stop and smell the roses, that kind of thing. Well that’s going to change about my life, I’m going to be the guy that went back to school. I dropped out of school when I was seventeen. At the time I wasn’t living with my parents and wasn’t in Tennessee where I grew up. It was new and exciting to me, living in a big city, working, and doing my own thing in Dallas, Texas. Five years go by and I had a good job and started to work a second job for the extra money. I started hanging out with college kids thinking to myself that this is what I need to be doing with my life, going back to school, getting a good job, and being able to say to my kids that I had my own success story. I set up an appointment to take the GED and thought this is going to go great. Thought I would have time to study and get a good score. Then I got tired of studying and juggling my time at home with the kids and wife. I went to take the test thinking that I remember most of what I learned in high school. I flew through the test and the teachers there were asking me if I was sure that I didn’t need more time. They told me good luck as I was leaving becauseShow MoreRelatedEssay On A Whole New World890 Words   |  4 Pagesbed on August 10th. When I realized what time it was my mind blew into a million pieces. I was finally going to be in high school, and I couldn’t believe the first day of my high school experience had finally come. 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